How FTIR Identifies Unknown Materials
Identifying unknown materials is a common challenge in research, manufacturing, quality control, and failure investigations. On...
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Choosing the Right Analytical Technique for Your Research
Selecting the right analytical technique is one of the most important decisions in any research project. The quality, accuracy,...
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Understanding Hemoglobin Estimation: Why It Matters for Your Health
Hemoglobin estimation is a routine laboratory test used to measure the amount of hemoglobin present in the blood.
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What Can Urine Tests Detect?
Urine testing is one of the most common and effective laboratory diagnostic tools used in healthcare.
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Introduction to GC-MS Analysis: A Powerful Tool for Chemical Identification
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most advanced and reliable analytical techniques used for identifyin...
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Complete Guide to Urinalysis: What It Is, Why It's Done, and What It Reveals
Because it is simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective, urinalysis is often used as a routine screening tool as well as a diagn...
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Understanding XRF Testing for Material Identification
In industries where material composition matters, accurate and reliable testing is essential. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis...
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What is XRD Analysis and Why Is It Important?
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis is one of the most widely used analytical techniques for identifying and characterizing crysta...
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Stop Doing This Before Running a Medical Test
A lot of people don’t realize that what you do before a medical test can completely affect the results. You might feel fine, fo...
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Kidney Function Test: What to Know
A kidney function test is a simple way to check how well your kidneys are doing their job. Your kidneys work quietly in the bac...
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Liver Function Test Explained Simply
A liver function test may sound complex, but it is simply a way of checking how well your liver is doing its job. The liver is ...
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Understanding Cholesterol Test Results
Understanding your cholesterol test results can feel confusing at first, especially when you see multiple numbers listed on a s...
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What Your Blood Sugar Results Mean
Blood sugar results are more than just numbers on a report, they are a reflection of how your body is managing energy. Glucose,...
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Malaria vs Typhoid: Why Testing Matters
Fever, weakness, body pain, and headaches are symptoms many people quickly associate with common illnesses, especially in regio...
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How Infections Are Detected in the Lab
Infections do not always announce themselves clearly. Sometimes the symptoms are mild, confusing, or easily mistaken for someth...
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Urine Test: What It Says About Your Health
A urine test may seem simple, but it provides a surprisingly deep look into what is happening inside the body. It is one of the...
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5 Medical Tests Everyone Should Do Yearly
Taking charge of your health does not always require waiting until something feels wrong. Regular medical testing is one of the...
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Why Quality Control in Labs Is Important
Quality control in laboratories is one of the most critical factors in ensuring that medical and research analysis results are ...
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What Happens When Test Results Are Delayed
When medical and research analysis test results are delayed, the consequences go far beyond simple inconvenience. In both clini...
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The Cost of Wrong Diagnosis
The cost of a wrong diagnosis is often underestimated until its effects begin to unfold. At first, it may seem like a simple me...
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Why Trusting Verified Labs Matters
When it comes to your health, where you get your lab tests done is just as important as the test itself. Many people focus only...
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How Accurate Are Lab Tests? Here’s the Truth
Lab tests are one of the most trusted tools in modern healthcare, and many people rely on them to understand what is happening ...
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The Hidden Dangers of Skipping Routine Tests
Beyond personal health, skipping routine tests can also affect others. Some untreated conditions can be passed on or may requir...
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Why Early Testing Can Save Your Life
Your health is not something to gamble with. The earlier you know, the better your chances. Early testing doesn’t just detect p...
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Before You Ignore That Test Result, Read This
Test results are early signals your body gives you. Ignoring them can allow hidden problems to grow, while paying attention ear...
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What Your Lab Results Are Really Telling You
Your lab results are more than just numbers on a page. They are a window into your body, a reflection of your habits, and a too...
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10 Medical Tests Every Adult in Nigeria Should Do Annually
Annual medical testing helps adults in Nigeria detect hidden health conditions early, prevent complications, and maintain overa...
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Custom Pricing (For enterprise-level data analysis, customized solutions, or large-scale projects, pricing may be adjusted based on scope and complexity.)
Custom pricing in enterprise-level data analysis offers flexible, tailored solutions based on the unique scope, scale, and comp...
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Geospatial Analysis(Mapping and analyzing location-based data for insights.)
Geospatial analysis involves mapping and analyzing location-based data to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships. It is wi...
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Time Series Analysis (Studying historical trends for forecasting and decision-making.)
Time Series Analysis involves studying time-ordered data to identify trends, seasonality, and patterns for forecasting and deci...
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Big Data & Cloud Analytics: Handling Large Datasets Using Hadoop, Spark, and Cloud Computing Tools
Big Data and Cloud Analytics involve processing and analyzing large-scale datasets using tools like Hadoop, Spark, and cloud pl...
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Sentiment & Text Analysis (Extracting insights from customer reviews, surveys, and social media content)
Sentiment and text analysis involve using natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract emotions, opinions, and patte...
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Healthcare & Medical Data Analysis (Processing patient records, medical trends, and research data.)
Healthcare and medical data analysis involves processing patient records, identifying medical trends, and interpreting research...
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Financial Data Analysis (Evaluating financial statements, forecasting, and risk assessment.)
Financial data analysis involves evaluating financial statements, forecasting future performance, and assessing risks to suppor...
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Market Research & Customer Analytics (Analyzing customer behavior, preferences, and market trends).
Market research and customer analytics involve gathering and analyzing data to understand customer behavior, preferences, and m...
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Business Intelligence (BI) Analysis (Creating interactive dashboards and reports for strategic decision-making.)
Business Intelligence (BI) analysis involves transforming raw data into actionable insights through interactive dashboards and ...
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Data Cleaning & Preprocessing (Removing inconsistencies, duplicates, and missing values from datasets.)
Data cleaning and preprocessing involve preparing raw data by correcting errors, removing duplicates, handling missing values, ...
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Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)(Identifying patterns, anomalies, and insights in raw data.)
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is the process of examining raw data to uncover patterns, detect anomalies, identify relationsh...
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Diagnostic Analysis (Finding correlations and causes behind data trends.)
Diagnostic analysis investigates the reasons behind data trends by identifying correlations and potential causes. It goes beyon...
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Prescriptive Analysis (Providing actionable recommendations based on data insights)
Prescriptive analysis is the most advanced form of data analytics, providing actionable recommendations based on data insights,...
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Predictive Analysis. (Using machine learning and statistical models to forecast future trends).
Predictive analysis uses historical data, statistical models, and machine learning algorithms to forecast future outcomes. It a...
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Descriptive Analysis. Basic statistical summaries, data visualization, and trend identification.
Descriptive analysis involves summarizing and interpreting data using basic statistics, visualizations, and trend identificatio...
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Cardiolipin + Beta2 Glycoprotein 1-IgG + IgM (Phospholipid) Sample Type: Serum
The cardiolipin and beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (IgG and IgM) serum test detects antiphospholipid antibodies, which are markers for a...
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Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Sample Type: Serum
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia. Serum monitor...
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Cannabis (THC) (Marijuana) (Qualitative) Sample Type: Urine, Spot
The qualitative THC urine test detects the presence of cannabis metabolites, indicating recent marijuana use. It is commonly us...
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Calcium Sample Type: Any Body Fluid
Calcium testing in any body fluid provides valuable insight into calcium metabolism and systemic or local disease processes. It...
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Calcitonin Sample Type: Serum
Calcitonin is a hormone produced by thyroid C cells that helps regulate calcium levels. Serum calcitonin testing is mainly used...
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Ca-19.9 Sample Type: Serum
CA 19-9 is a tumor marker primarily used to monitor pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal cancers. It is a carbohydrate ...
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Ca-15.3 Sample Type: Serum
The CA 15-3 serum test measures a protein marker associated with breast cancer, mainly to track disease progression or recurren...
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BREAST IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Sample Type: Tissue
Breast IHC is a tissue-based test that detects specific protein markers in breast cancer to guide diagnosis, prognosis, and tre...
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Blood Picture Sample Type: Whole Blood EDTA
The Blood Picture, also called a Peripheral Blood Smear, is a microscopic examination of blood cells to assess their size, shap...
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Blood Group (Abo & Rh Typing) Sample Type: Whole Blood EDTA
The Blood Group (ABO & Rh Typing) test identifies a person's blood type using whole blood collected in EDTA tubes. It determine...
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Blood clotting profile Sample Type: Whole Blood
The blood clotting profile is a series of tests performed on whole blood to evaluate how well the body forms blood clots. It in...
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Blood /Sterile Body Fluids Culture (Aerobic) Sample Type: Blood/Body Fluid
The aerobic culture of blood and sterile body fluids is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of bacteria or fungi that...
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Clotting Time Sample Type: Whole Blood
The clotting time test measures how long it takes for whole blood to form a clot, helping evaluate the intrinsic pathway of the...
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Bleeding Time Sample Type: Whole Blood
The bleeding time test measures how long it takes for bleeding to stop after a standardized skin puncture, helping assess plate...
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Bleeding Time Sample Type: Whole Blood
The bleeding time test measures how long it takes for bleeding to stop after a standardized skin puncture, helping assess plate...
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Bilirubin (Direct) Sample Type: Serum
The Direct Bilirubin test measures the level of conjugated bilirubin in the blood, which is the form processed by the liver and...
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Bilirubin (Total, Direct, Indirect) Sample Type: Serum
The Bilirubin (Total, Direct, Indirect) test measures different forms of bilirubin in the blood to evaluate liver function, red...
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Bilirubin (Total) Sample Type: Serum
The Total Bilirubin test measures the overall level of bilirubin in the blood, which includes both unconjugated (indirect) and ...
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Bicarbonate Sample Type: Serum
Summary of Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) – Serum Test The serum bicarbonate test measures the level of bicarbonate in the blood, which p...
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Beta2 Glycoprotein IgM / Beta2 Glycoprotein- IgG Sample Type: Serum
The Beta-2 Glycoprotein antibody test detects IgM and IgG autoantibodies in serum that target β2GPI, a protein involved in bloo...
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Beta HCG (PREGNANCY TEST) QUALITATIVE Sample Type: Serum
The Qualitative Beta-hCG test is a serum-based blood test that detects the presence (not the amount) of hCG, a hormone produced...
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Beta HCG (PREGNANCY TEST) QUANTITATIVE Sample Type: Serum
The Quantitative Beta-hCG test measures the exact level of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the serum to confirm and monit...
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ATAB – Anti Thyroid Antibodies (Includes TPO and ATA) Sample Type: Serum/CSF
The ATAB test detects anti-thyroid antibodies, specifically anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) and anti-Tg (thyroglobulin) antibodie...
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. AST – SGOT Sample Type: Serum
AST – SGOT (Aspartate Aminotransferase) Summary The AST (SGOT) test measures the level of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferas...
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Aso Titre Sample Type: Quantitative
The ASO Titre is a quantitative blood test that measures antibodies against streptolysin O, a toxin produced by Group A Strepto...
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Ascitic Fluid Bacilli Sample Type: Serum
The presence of bacilli in ascitic fluid indicates a serious infection such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), seconda...
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APTT – Activated Partial Thromboplastin Sample Type: Serum
APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) is a blood test used to assess the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulatio...
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Apolipoproteins B Sample Type: Serum
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the main protein found in atherogenic lipoproteins such as LDL, VLDL, and IDL. It plays a central ro...
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. Apolipoproteins A1/B Sample Type: Serum
Summary of Apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 / ApoB): Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the main protein in HDL and supports reverse ...
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Apolipoproteins A1 Sample Type: Serum
Summary of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the main protein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), essenti...
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. Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin) Sample Type: Plasma
assess the body’s water balance and kidney function. ADH is produced in the hypothalamus and helps regulate how much water the ...
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ANTI TPO ANTIBODY (Includes TPO and ATA) Sample Type: Serum
Summary: Anti-TPO Antibody Test (Includes TPO and ATA) The Anti-TPO Antibody Test detects antibodies against thyroid peroxidas...
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9. ANTI THYOGLOBULIN Sample Type: Serum
The Anti-Thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) antibody test detects antibodies against thyroglobulin, a key protein in thyroid hormone produ...
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ANTI NUCLEAR ANTIBODY Sample Type: Serum
The ANA test detects autoantibodies that target the nucleus of cells, often seen in autoimmune diseases like lupus, Sjögren’s s...
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ANTI PHOSPHOLIPID (IGG) or (IGM) Sample Type: Serum
The Anti-Phospholipid (IgG or IgM) test checks for antibodies that target phospholipids in the blood. These antibodies can lead...
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ANTI PHOSPHOLIPID (IgG & IgM) Sample Type: Serum
Summary: Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (IgG & IgM) Test The Anti-Phospholipid (IgG & IgM) Antibodies Test measures immune prote...
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ANTI MULLERIAN HORMONE (AMH) Sample Type: Serum
The AMH test measures the level of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in serum to evaluate a woman’s ovarian reserve (egg supply). AMH is p...
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ANTI-HBC IGM Sample Type: Serum
The ANTI-HBc IgM test detects IgM antibodies to the Hepatitis B core antigen in blood serum. It is used to identify acute or re...
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. ANTI HCV (QUANTITATIVE) Sample Type: Serum
The ANTI-HCV (Quantitative) test measures the level of antibodies in the blood against the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It uses a s...
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ANTI D TITRE Sample Type: Serum
The Anti-D Titre test measures the level of anti-D antibodies in the serum of Rh-negative individuals, especially pregnant wome...
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ANTI D (Rh) Antibody Titre Sample Type: Serum
The Anti-D (Rh) antibody titre is a blood test that measures the level of anti-D antibodies in the serum of Rh-negative individ...
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Anti B Titre Sample Type: Serum
Anti-B Titre – Serum Test Summary Purpose: Measures anti-B antibody levels to assess risks in transfusions, organ transplants...
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Anti A Titre Sample Type: Serum
Anti-A Titre – Serum Test Summary Purpose: Measures the level of anti-A antibodies in the blood to assess compatibility risks...
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ANTI CITRULLINATED PROTEIN Sample Type: Serum
Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA / Anti-CCP) – Serum Test Summary Purpose: Helps diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) ...
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ANA Sample Type: Serum
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) – Serum Test Purpose: Screens for autoimmune diseases by detecting antibodies that attack the nuc...
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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Sample Type: Serum
ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) – Serum Test Summary Purpose: Measures ACE levels to help diagnose or monitor sarcoidosis...
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.Androstenedione – A4 Sample Type: Serum
Androstenedione – A4 (Serum) Purpose: Measures androstenedione, a steroid hormone and precursor to testosterone and estrogen,...
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Amylase Sample Type: Any Body Fluid
Amylase Test (Any Body Fluid) – Summary Purpose: Measures amylase enzyme levels to help diagnose pancreatitis, salivary gland...
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Ammonia Sample Type: 24 Hrs Urine/Plasma
Ammonia Test (24-Hour Urine / Plasma) Purpose: Measures ammonia levels in blood plasma or 24-hour urine to assess liver funct...
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ALT – SGPT Sample Type: Serum
ALT – SGPT (Alanine Aminotransferase) Sample Type: Serum Purpose: Detects liver damage by measuring ALT enzyme levels. Found...
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Alkaline Phosphatase Sample Type: Serum
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) – Serum Test Sample Type: Serum Purpose: Measures ALP enzyme levels to assess liver and bone healt...
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Aldehyde Chopra Test for Kala Azar Sample Type: Serum
Sample Type: Serum Purpose: Screening test for Kala-Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) Principle: Formaldehyde reacts with ele...
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Alcohol Sample Type: Serum/Urine Spot
Sample Type: Serum and spot urine Serum Test: Detects current blood alcohol concentration; used in emergencies and legal cas...
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Albumin Sample Type: Serum/Urine 24Hrs
Sample Type: Serum and 24-hour urine Serum Albumin: Assesses liver function, nutritional status, and fluid balance; low leve...
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Albumin Sample Type: CSF
Albumin (CSF) – Summary Sample Type: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Purpose: Assesses blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity Cli...
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. AFP-Alpha Feto Protein Sample Type: Serum
This test measures AFP levels in the blood to help detect liver cancer, germ cell tumors, and monitor liver disease. In pregnan...
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AFB (TUBERCULOSIS) Sample Type: Sputum
This test checks for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) like Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)....
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) – Plasma Test:
This test measures ACTH levels in plasma to assess pituitary and adrenal gland function. ACTH stimulates cortisol production, w...
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Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Sample Type: 24 Hours Urine
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) – 24-Hour Urine Test (Summary): This test measures the total adrenaline excreted in urine over 24 hou...
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Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Sample Type: Plasma
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) – Plasma Test (Summary): This test measures adrenaline levels in plasma to assess adrenal function ...
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Adenovirus, IgG OR IgM Antibody Sample Type: Serum
Adenovirus IgG/IgM – Summary Sample Type: Serum Purpose: Detects past (IgG) or recent (IgM) adenovirus infection IgM Pos...
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Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Sample Type: Serum
ADA Test – Summary Sample Type: Serum Purpose: Assists in diagnosing tuberculosis, especially tuberculous pleuritis Mech...
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Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance Test Sample Type: Plasma
APC Resistance Test – Summary Sample Type: Plasma (from citrate anticoagulant tube) Purpose: Detects resistance to activate...
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Actinomyces Culture Sample Type: Serum
Detects Actinomyces bacteria that can cause chronic infections. Though usually found in the mouth and gut, they can become path...
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ACTH Test Sample Type: Serum
The ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) test measures the level of ACTH in the blood to evaluate pituitary gland function and ad...
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Acid Phosphatase (Total and Prostatic Fraction) Sample Type: Serum
Measures enzyme levels in serum to assess prostate cancer and other conditions. Elevated prostatic fraction may indicate prosta...
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Acid Phosphatase Sample Type: Prostatic Fraction OR Total
Acid phosphatase is an enzyme found in high levels in the prostate (prostatic fraction) and other tissues (total). The prostati...
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Acetyl Choline Receptor Antibodies (Achr Abs) Sample Type: Serum
The Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies (AChR Abs) serum test detects autoantibodies linked to myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimm...
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Acetone (Qualitative) Sample Type: Urine
A qualitative acetone test in urine detects ketones, indicating possible ketosis or ketoacidosis from conditions like diabetic ...
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Acetone Sample Type: Serum
The acetone serum test measures acetone levels in the blood to assess fat metabolism, especially in conditions like diabetic ke...
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. 14 DRUG PANEL (BARBITURATES, COCAINE, BENZODIAZEPINE, CANNABIS, METHAMPHETAMINE) Sample Type: Serum
The 14-drug panel serum test screens for 14 substances, including barbiturates (2–7 days), cocaine (2–4 days), benzodiazepines ...
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5-Hydroxy Tryptamine (Serotonin) Sample Type: Serum
The serotonin serum test measures 5-HT levels in blood serum to diagnose serotonin imbalances, mainly for carcinoid tumors caus...
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5-Hydroxy Indole Acetic Acid Sample Type: 24 Hours Urine/Serum
The 5-HIAA test measures serotonin’s main metabolite in 24-hour urine or serum to diagnose and monitor carcinoid syndrome or ne...
Read Article![. 5-Alpha, Di Hydro Testosterone – [DHT] Sample Type: Serum](/backend/uploads/articles/1754315210_6890b9ca4cfa9.jpg)
. 5-Alpha, Di Hydro Testosterone – [DHT] Sample Type: Serum
The DHT serum test measures DHT, a potent androgen derived from testosterone, in blood serum to assess androgen metabolism. It ...
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7 DRUG PANEL (BARBITURATES, COCAINE, CANNABIS, OPIATES, AMPHETAMINES, BENZODIAZEPINE, METH)
The 7-drug panel is a screening test detecting barbiturates, cocaine, cannabis (THC), opiates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, a...
Read Article![3-Methyl Histidine – [Secroturn] Sample Type: Serum](/backend/uploads/articles/1754314622_6890b77ef0b01.jpg)
3-Methyl Histidine – [Secroturn] Sample Type: Serum
3-Methylhistidine is an amino acid formed by the methylation of histidine in muscle proteins actin and myosin. It is released d...
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24 Hours Urine Protein Sample Type: 24 Hours Urine/Serum
This test measures the amount of protein in urine collected over 24 hours to check kidney function. A normal result is less tha...
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2 Hours Post Prandial
2 Hours Post Prandial (2HPP) is a blood sugar test done exactly 2 hours after eating to check how the body manages glucose. It ...
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17 Ketogenic Steroids (Corticosteroids) Sample Type: 24 Hours Urine/Serum
17-Ketogenic Steroids (Corticosteroids) – Summary: What they are: Metabolites of corticosteroids produced by the adrenal co...
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17 Hydroxy-Progesterone
17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) – Serum Test Summary: What it is: A hormone made by the adrenal glands and gonads; a precurs...
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Hemicellulose content
Alpha cellulose, the portion of cellulose insoluble in 17.5% sodium hydroxide, is determined by treating 3 g of pulp or holocel...
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Lignin content
To determine ash-free lignin content, 1 g of sample is treated with 20 ml of 72% sulfuric acid in a 100 ml beaker, stirred, and...
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Ash content
Ash was determined by burning the material in a muffle furnace in a porcelain crucible first at 400°C for 30 minutes, then at 8...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
A few grams of sample were dissolved in 0.5 ml of deuterated solvent, transferred to an NMR tube, and analyzed using an Nanalys...
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Thermogravimetric Analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted on biomass residues using a TGA-Q500 analyzer at standard pressure. Samples were...
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CHNS/O Analyzer
The ELEMENTRAC CS-i elemental analyzer measures carbon and sulfur concentrations in solid samples by melting them in a pure oxy...
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Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
Instrument & Method: A Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK) was used to determine particle size distributi...
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Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
Sample Preparation: The sample was dried in solid state to protect the equipment. Approximately 2 mg of the sample was weig...
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X-ray diffraction (XRD)
XRD Analysis Procedure Summary (Rigaku MiniFlex 600) Instrument Setup: Powered on XRD and set 30 kV, 15 mA, temperature 21–...
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Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)
QUANTACHROME NOVA4200e Sample Prep & Analysis – Summary Sample Prep: Weigh sample into cell. Insert cell into heating ma...
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Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
Sample Preparation Samples were mounted on aluminum stubs using sticky carbon tape and coated with gold for insulation and con...
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Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)
The SEM-EDS Phenom Prox, manufactured by Phenom World in Eindhoven, Netherlands, was used for morphology analysis. Samples were...
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BIO Portable Gas Analyzer
The RASI700 BIO Portable Gas Analyzer (2016, Eurotron Instruments) was powered on and initialized for 60 seconds, then stabiliz...
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High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC analysis was conducted using a Thermo Scientific System with a Star Solvent Delivery System 230, Rheodyne 7125 injector, a...
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X-ray fluorescent (XRF) X-ray fluorescent (XRF)
XRF Analysis (Genius-IF Xenometric): A sample cup was prepared with propylene thin film. Pulverized sample (~5g) was added to ...
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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
Samples were analyzed using an Agilent 6890N GC system with a 5975 inert XL MS detector and 7683B auto-injector. Separation was...
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UV Spectrophotometer
The T70 PG Instruments UV-Spectrophotometer was powered on and stabilized before calibration with distilled water and a black b...
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UV Spectrophotometer
The T70 PG Instruments UV-Spectrophotometer was powered on and stabilized before calibration with distilled water and a black b...
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Fourier transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR)
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) is an analytical technique used to identify and study chemical substances b...
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